• under his father, also an artist, who taught him perspective, still life, and anatomy.
• under Lucia Capacchione, author of The Creative Journal, to be free in his own self-expression.
• at the Art Student’s League, under Michael Burban, artistic anatomy.
• also at the League, under the late Kay Hazelip, portraiture.
• at The Woodstock School of Art, under HongNian Zhang, still life and landscape painting in oils.
• under Lois Woolley, portraiture and genre painting.